We can combine two sentences with a present participle or perfect participle (having + past participle)

When both sentences have the same subject and there is a relation between the actions performed by them, it is possible to connect them with a present participle (ing form) or perfect participle.

Study the example given below.

• He knocked loudly at the door. He demanded admission.

Here both sentences have the same subject – he.

There is also a relation between the actions performed by the subject.

We can combine these two sentences with a present participle.

• Knocking loudly at the door, he demanded admission.

Note that the present participle is used when both actions take place simultaneously.

When one action happens after another action, we use the perfect participle (have + ing form) to connect them.

• The driver lost much blood. He could no longer control the car.

Here one action follows the other. We use the perfect participle to connect these ideas.

• Having lost much blood, the driver could no longer control the vehicle.

You will be able to express the same idea using after.

• After losing much blood, the driver could no longer control the vehicle.

When the clauses have different subjects, we use a special structure with being.

• It was a stormy day. We didn’t go out.

We can combine these two sentences as follows:

• It being a stormy day, we didn’t go out.

Combine the following sentences using participles or perfect participles.

1. He delivered the message. He departed.

2. The thief heard a noise. He ran away.

3. He stood on his toes. He reached for the apple.

4. She was carrying a box in her hand. She ran to her room.

5. I finished my work. I went out for a walk.

6. The road is blocked. We have to take a different route.

7. The weather was fine. So we went for a walk.

8. She worked day and night. She finished the project on time.

9. The old man was not able to walk any further. So he sat down for a while.

10. He was very rich. He could buy whatever he wanted.

11. The driver saw the signal. He stopped the car.

12. The rain started. We stopped playing.

Answers

1. Having delivered the message, he departed.

2. Hearing a noise, he ran away.

3. Standing on his toes, he reached for the apple.

4. Carrying a box in her hand, she ran to her room.

5. Having finished my work, I went out for a walk.

6. The road being blocked, we have to take a different route.

7. The weather being fine, we went for a walk.

8. Working day and night, she finished the project on time. / Having worked day and night, she finished the project on time.

9. Not being able to walk any further, the old man sat down for a while.

10. Being very rich, he could buy whatever he wanted. (When the verb in the given sentence is a form of be (is, am, are, was, were) use being to connect the clauses.)

11. Seeing the signal, he stopped the car.

12. The rain having started, we stopped playing.