Here are important and expected questions from NCERT Class 7 Science Chapter 11 Transportation In Animals and Plants.

1. What form the circulatory system?

Heart and blood vessels together form the circulatory system.

2. What function is served by the circulatory system?

Heart and blood vessels together form the circulatory system. It transports substances like digested food from the small intestine to various parts of the body. It carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body. It also transports waste for removal from the body.

3. What is blood?

It is the red colored fluid that flows in blood vessels. It carries oxygen and digested food to all cells in the body. It also transports waste for removal from the body.

4. What constitutes blood?

Blood is composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

5. What is plasma?

Plasma is the liquid portion of blood. It makes up about 55% of the total volume of blood flowing through the body. Various blood cells are suspended in plasma.

6. Name the pigment that gives red colour to blood.

Haemoglobin

7. What are red blood cells?

These are cells present in the blood which contain the red pigment called haemoglobin. Haemoglobin binds with oxygen and transports it to all cells in the body.

8. What are white blood cells (WBCs)?

These are the cells present in the blood which fight against germs that might enter the body.

9. What are platelets?

These are a type of blood cells which help to form a clot and stop bleeding when we cut a blood vessel.

10. What are the two types of blood vessels present in the body?

Arteries and veins are the two types of blood vessels present in the body.

11. What is the function of arteries?

Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body.

12. Why do arteries have thick elastic walls?

Blood flows through the arteries at a rapid pace and at high pressure. Hence, arteries have thick elastic walls.

13. What is pulse?

Pulse is the throbbing that we feel when put our fingers on an artery. This throbbing is due to the flow of blood through the arteries.

14. What is pulse rate?

Pulse rate is the number of pulse beats per minute.

15. What is the normal pulse rate for a resting person?

72-80 beats per minute

16. What are veins?

Veins are the blood vessels which carry carbon-dioxide rich blood from all parts of the body back to the heart. Veins have thin walls and they have valves which make sure that the blood flows only towards the heart.

17. What are blood banks?

Blood banks are designated places where donated blood is stored with special care.

18. What are capillaries?

When arteries reach the tissues, they divide into extremely thin tubes. These are called capillaries.

19. What is the heart?

The heart is an organ which beats continuously to act as a pump for the transport of blood.

20. The upper two chambers of heart are called …………………………..

Atria

21. The lower two chambers are called ……………………………

Ventricles

22. What is a heartbeat?

The walls of the chambers of the heart are made up of muscles. These muscles contract and relax rhythmically. This rhythmic contraction followed by its relaxation constitute a heartbeat.

23. What is the instrument that doctors use to feel a person’s heartbeat?

Stethoscope

24. How does transport occur in sponges and hydra?

Sponges and hydra do not possess any circulatory system. The water in which they live brings food and oxygen as it enters their bodies. And as the water leaves their bodies, it carries away the waste and carbon dioxide.

25. What is excretion?

Excretion is the process of removal of wastes produced in the cells of living organisms.

26. What is the excretory system?

The body parts involved in excretion form the excretory system.

27. How is waste present in the blood removed from the body?

In order to remove waste from the blood, blood capillaries in the kidney filter the blood. The blood reaching the kidneys contain both useful and harmful substances. Useful substances are absorbed back into the blood whereas the harmful substances or wastes dissolved in water are removed as urine.

28. Name the tube like structure through which urine goes from kidneys to the urinary bladder.

Ureter

29. What are the parts of the excretory system?

The kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra are the parts of the excretory system.

30. What is the composition of urine?

The urine consists of 95% of water, 2.5% of urea and other waste products.

31. What is the major excretory product in humans?

Urea

32. How does aquatic animals like fish excrete cell waste?

They excrete cell waste as ammonia which directly dissolves in water.

33. What is the white colored semi-solid compound excreted by animals like birds, lizards and snakes?

Uric acid

34. What is dialysis?

If a person’s kidneys stop working due to accident or injury, waste products will start accumulating in the blood. It is not possible for such persons to survive for long unless the blood is filtered periodically through an artificial kidney. This process is called dialysis.

35. Why do we sweat?

We sweat on hot summer days to help cool our body. When we sweat water and salts escape our body through the tiny pores in the skin. This causes cooling.

36. What is the function of root hair in plants?

Plants absorb water and minerals in the soil by their roots. Roots have root hair which increases the surface area of roots to make absorption easier. Root hair can even reach water present between soil particles making it possible for the plant to absorb it.

37. How do plants transport water and nutrients from the soil?

Plants have special pipe like vessels to transport water and nutrients absorbed from the soil to the leaves and other parts. These vessels are made up of special cells, forming the vascular tissue.

38. What is a tissue?

A tissue is a group of cells that perform specialized function in an organism.

39. What is xylem?

The vascular tissue that transports water and nutrients to different parts of a plant is called the xylem.

40. What is phloem?

Phloem is the vascular tissue that transports food synthesized in the leaves to other parts of the plant.

41. What is transpiration?

Transpiration is the process by which water evaporates through the stomata present on the surface of the leaves. Transpiration cools the plant. It also creates a suction pull which can draw water to great heights in tall trees.

Class 7 Science Solutions

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