The grammar part of chapter 1 The Fun They Had is solved here. This chapter has worksheets on adverbs and negative conditional clauses.

Adverbs

Adverbs are words used to modify verbs. Adverbs can also modify adjectives or other adverbs. Most adverbs end in –ly. In many cases, by simply adding –ly to the adjective, we can form the adverb.

For example, careful is an adjective. When we add –ly to it, we get the adverb carefully.

Complete the following sentences using the adverbs given below.

(awfully, sorrowfully, completely, loftily, carefully, differently, quickly, nonchalantly)

(i) The report must be read …………………………….. so that performance can be improved.

(ii) At the interview, Sameer answered our questions ………………………. shrugging his shoulders.

(iii) We all behave ………………………… when we are tired or hungry.

(iv) The teacher shook her head ………………………… when Ravi lied to her.

(v) I ………………………… forgot about it.

(vi) When I complimented Revathi on her success, she just smiled ………………………….. and turned away.

(vii) The President of the Company is …………………………. busy and will not be able to meet you.

(viii) I finished my work ………………………. so that I could go out to play.

Answers

(i) The report must be read carefully so that performance can be improved.

(ii) At the interview, Sameer answered our questions loftily shrugging his shoulders.

(iii) We all behave differently when we are tired or hungry.

(iv) The teacher shook her head sorrowfully when Ravi lied to her.

(v) I completely forgot about it.

(vi) When I complimented Revathi on her success, she just smiled nonchalantly and turned away.

(vii) The President of the Company is awfully busy and will not be able to meet you.

(viii) I finished my work quickly so that I could go out to play.

Formation of adverbs

In most cases, adverbs are formed by adding –ly to the adjective.

Note that when the adjective ends in -y, change it into -i before adding –ly.

3. Make adverbs from these adjectives.

(i) angry -> angrily

(ii) happy -> happily

(iii) merry -> merrily

(iv) sleep -> sleepily

(v) easy -> easily

(vi) noisy -> noisily

(vii) tidy -> tidily

(viii) gloomy -> gloomily

If not and unless

Unless means if not. Sentences containing if not or unless are examples of negative conditional sentences.

There are three types of conditional sentences.

• Type 1 conditional
• Type 2 conditional
• Type 3 conditional

In Type 1 conditional, we use a simple present tense in the unless/if…not clause and will/can/may + first form of the verb in the main clause.

• She will be upset if you do not talk to her. / She will be upset unless you talk to her.

In Type 2 conditional, we use a simple past tense in the unless/if…not clause and would/could / might + first form of the verb in the main clause.

• She would be upset if you did not listen to her. / She would be upset unless you listened to her.

In Type 3 conditional, we use a past perfect tense in the unless/if…not clause and would/could / might + have + past participle in the main clause.

She would have been upset if you hadn’t listened to her. / She would have been upset unless you had listened to her.

Complete the following conditional sentences. Use the correct form of the verb.

1. If I don’t go to Anu’s party tonight, she will be upset.

2. If you don’t telephone the hotel to order food, you will have to eat leftovers from breakfast.

3. Unless you promise to write back, I will not allow you to go.

4. If she doesn’t play any games, she will not be healthy.

5. Unless that little bird flies away quickly, the cat will catch her.